April 26th, 2024
I read the intro and first chapter. From my understanding, the author wants to apply classical mechanics to the quantum realm. That is, there must be some simple mechanical action to create forces, not free-flying particles in a vacuum. He scoffs at the idea of bosons (gauge bosons), with their gluons and color charges and vast memory of where they came from and what they are allowed to do. Instead of considering all the old theories “closed” and unquestionable, he wants to re-open them. Zero-point energy, a.k.a. the quantum field, permeates the vacuum and thus is the only possible mechanism for motion. This is a pushing force that pushes things away, and any attraction is due to a stronger pushing force from elsewhere. I’m sure all this will be explained in depth in the next 26 chapters. Side note, this looks like one of those print-on-demand books that they make from e-books. Sad.
April 29th, 2024
It’s already starting to get denser. The author now tells us what the zero-point is. It is essentially a vacuum with no particles, no EM field or light, and at absolute zero. Yet there is not nothing here, it is teeming with energy. The energy density of the vacuum is 10^94 g/cc, which the author compares that to the 1 g/cc mass density of water. I’m assuming the vacuum density has been converted to mass already by E=mc^2. This energy is the product of vibrations or the quantum field, which are very small individually but the aggregate is unfathomable. The energy is undetectable and thus must be smaller than Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle allows us to measure. Such large energy must not interact with regular matter, which I forget what the justification was. If the universe is infinite, is the zero-point energy infinite? Since we are not crushed by the force from such an energy, we can assume it is only nearly infinite. Many modern theories are not able to deal with this energy and thus ignore, so the author says they must be rewritten. The vacuum is full of energy and our “matter” realm is insignificant in comparison. The universe must be viewed starting with the zero-point.
Read another chapter. My physics is very rusty. I remember some things from college, but not much. The author talked about van der Waal forces, which have to do with dipoles. There’s different types of dipole interactions, but we are concerned only when dipoles are induced, such as when a hydrogen atom becomes a dipole under an electric field. I’m not smart enough for this, but I think the van der Waal force is about the interaction between different dipoles. If the dipole moment, distance between charges, increases, it will interact with nearby dipoles and this will reduce the repulsion. There’s other cases, but more distance equals more force. The Casimir Effect looks at induced (London) van der Waal forces at the quantum level. Quantum fluctuations, or temporary random energy changes, act as induced dipoles and can be a Planck length or a universe length. The bigger it is, the weaker it is and less energy it has. Van der Waal forces are insignificant at a distance. Now say there’s two parallel plates in a vacuum. The quantum fluctuations between the plates creates a pressure, but so do the external ones, and the net force is zero. As the plates are brought together, more “sizes” of fluctuations are excluded. Even at millimeter distances, the energy and pressure from the small fluctuations inside the plates is strong enough to keep them separate. At sub-micron distances, however, too many fluctuations are excluded and the plates are pushed together. Yes, the vacuum itself pushes the plates together. This has been experimentally proven, and I’ll have to look it up separately. So the vacuum can be treated as a polarizable medium with dipoles and van der Waal forces. These forces can interact with everyday matter. If the vacuum can push matter, what else can it do?
May 3rd, 2024
Now some of the real attacking begins. This chapter is about virtual photons, and the author does not like them. In fact, they do not exist. I still don’t fully get the “virtual” particles concept. It is difficult to grasp matter coming from no matter, except I guess energy is matter, so enough energy could become matter. I guess. The author says death to the virtual photon. What is real is the virtual electron and positron pair. Dirac predicted the positron in 1928 and postulated the “Dirac Sea”, where electron and positron pairs floated endlessly in the vacuum. Instead of the neutral photon, you have the charged electrons and positrons. And what do they form? Yes, a dipole, just like the Casimir Effect would expect. So the vacuum is filled with virtual dipoles that WILL interact with matter through the EM field. The author then says that energy-time constraint from Heisenberg is Et = h/2. Since E = h*frequency=h*c/lambda, a single wavelength has E*t = h. I take all this on faith and do not know these equations, but the unit analysis works. To disprove the virtual photon and antiphoton, we use this equation. To travel one wavelength and back, per particle, that would be 4*h. This exceeds the he energy from Heisenberg’s uncertain principle by a factor of 8. To get ½, each particle has to go 1/8 out and 1/8 in to meet and annihilate. They would not travel a full loop, so they’d have to be “bounced” back on the same path and thus canceled out. Whatever that means. Moving on, it somehow already regarded as accepted under Feynman to use a positron-electron pair in place of a photon, so there it is. The vacuum is full of virtual particle-antiparticle pairs with charge.
May 9th, 2024
Next is a short chapter in which the author claims the photon is not a fundamental particle. The photon is in fact a collection of quantum particle pairs, not strictly the electron and positron, but could be any. This accounts for the wide variety of energy levels available for a photon. The author, to avoid confusing stable, resting electrons and positrons with these pairs, uses the term zepton. The central zepton and its EM field induce neighboring zeptons, which continues to induce others. This accounts for the photon’s wave-like features, and if the central zepton interacts with matter, that accounts for the particle-like features. I think that covers it.
May 10th, 2024
Now we get into something I have some background in: electromagnetics. Of course I’m very rusty, but I remember the concepts. First the author uses zeptons to explain electrostatics. Picture Faraday field lines. The lines emanating from a stationary charge were just a concept, but may have root in reality. A free electron, with its negative charge, will orient the zepton dipoles such that the positive end faces the electron and the negative end faces away. These affect nearby zeptons and so on as the strength of polarization decreases with distance. Two like charges attract like the Casimir effect. Since zeptons are virtual and must annihilate, there will be a void between the charges. The outside pushing force is stronger than the inside and the charges move together. Like charges repel as the dipoles eventually come to a point where negative meets negative. These then push up and away, creating a “hole” in between the charges where unpolarized zeptons and blip in and out of existence. All of this seems pretty sound based on the foundation so far.What I don’t get, and I don’t think it is me, is the author’s magnetism explanation. A magnetic field is due to current, or a moving charge. A single moving electron would orient the dipoles towards it and they would swivel as it passed. I imagine this like a drag race, where you watch the car come and then turn your head as it passes. The author then says a series of electrons, or a current, will continuously affect the surrounding zeptons and cause them to spin. I assume this would be due to the high speeds involved that the zepton cannot just reverse angular direction, so the electron then repels the negative side of the zepton, forcing it to continue moving in that angular direction. The problem I have is that this spinning is in the same direction as the current (or opposite, if you use conventional “positive” flow”). The magnetic field from a current is radial around the wire, not in the direction of it. He never really explained how the magnetic force works in this case. How do the spinning zeptons interact with matter? How do B-fields from parallel wires interact? Then he said that the inverse is true and spinning zeptons induce current. This does not make sense because only a CHANGING magnetic field induces current. Not a good explanation.
May 13th, 2024
The next chapter is on the electro-magnetic force and some things I have forgotten are coming back. Now the topic is moving charges (not counting current as a moving charge). First, a static charge deflects a like moving charge. The polarized zeptons from each charge form a pressure and the charge is pushed away as it moves closer. The opposite is true for opposite charges, the negative dipole attracts the positive dipole and deflects it towards the stationary charge. Now for the magnetics, which I complained about previously. The force from a magnetic field only operates on a moving charge, which I forgot. The other right-hand rule gives the vector product for the force, since it is not intuitive like which electric charges. The middle finger points in the direction of the B-field, the index finger points in the direction of the charge velocity, and the thumb then points in direction of the force, all in perpendicular directions. Now picture the B-field of a wire, with conventional current flowing to the left. At the 90 degrees point around the wire, the field will point into the page. From the last chapter, this means we will see the zeptons spinning counterclockwise in the plane. Now if a positive charge approaches from the right traveling left, the right hand rule will say the charge will experience a downward force. I’ll have to look at this again, because it seems opposite. The ccw motion means the charge would come head-on to the zepton spinning upward. My intuition says this would push the charge upward, but I could be wrong. I still don’t understand how the direction of the B-field originates, unless the direction can be seen as a derivative of the force-velocity cross product. Then it talks about Maxwell’s Equations, which don’t need much discussion since whether you see “field-lines” or zeptons, the concepts are the same.Update: My intuition was right, he draws the charge moving up with turning zepton. So his explanation does not follow Lorentz’s law. He must be confusing electron flow and conventional current flow. This pretty much drops any confidence I may have had in the guy.
I should drop this after the magnetic fiasco, but I want to see where it goes. Now it gets really weird. The author defines a mattermagnetic force, a force that acts like a magnetic force but is derived from matter. He discusses the case of spinning top as why there is a need for another force. There is no velocity or angular velocity factor in Netwon’s laws, so why should a top stay up because it’s spinning? The usual explanation is angular torque and I don’t remember any of this stuff from school. But anyway he uses the torque of magnetic law and derives an equivalent force based on mass. It’s a very strange chapter.
May 14th, 2024
The next chapter is short and seems kind of odd to include. It’s a continuation of the mattermagnetic force with flywheels and gyroscopes. There was a guy who took two flywheels separated by 1/16” and rotated one with a motor. The second one then spun in the opposite, an induced spin. Then when the other flywheel stopped, there was a “back spin” force and the passive flywheel spun the other way. Almost sounds like an electric motor. Except the author then says he tried to recreated it but couldn’t get it to work. You think if you’re this passionate about your theory you would try to make it work before including it in your book. He says it did spin but it may have been due to vibration. When isolated better, there was no spin. I’m starting to go from open-minded to critical.
May 15th, 2024
Next is another small chapter which discusses inertia. The author says that there is no Newtonian explanation for the causes of inertia, that is what makes a body stay at rest or stay in motion absent external forces. It’s obviously zeptons. It seems the train of though of this book is that for a EM force, there is an equivalent force acting on neutral matter. He brings up the current causing zeptons to spin, which I complained about earlier, and states that matter in motion also forces zeptons to spin. These spinning zeptons will push the matter along until another push stops it. A body at rest is like an electron, with lines of force pointing at it to keep it from moving. So there is some attraction between matter and zeptons that “push” it in place radially. Will he discuss where these forces come from?
Like an electric dipole, the author seeks a matter dipole. We know gravity attracts (although gravity hasn’t been explained yet), but the universe expands due to “dark energy”. Something must be repelling and nothing accounts for that in the classical theories. There is another important dipole in with zeptons, the matter-antimatter dipole. Matter then acts just like an electromagnetic force. An object at rest has the antimatter end of the dipole pointing at him. Objects push apart like two positive charges, the zeptons repelling and the “void” filled with new zeptons providing pressure. Moving matter causes zeptons to spin, like current in a wire. A rotating object causes zeptons to spin in the opposite direction. A key point is that this matter is electrically neutral. The zeptons then must be of different types. For example, we can have electron-positron pairs, with negative matter, or proton-antiproton pairs, with positive matter. If they are side by side and the antimatter sides line up facing the matter, then the electric charges cancel. Likewise if they the negative charges face a proton, then the matter charges cancel and there’s no mattermagnetic field. Now it kind of reads like a textbook. The student can’t really prove anything so everything is taken on faith.
May 16th, 2024
Next is a chapter on astronomical bodies. Why does gravity work at galactic distances but not over bigger distances? Because Newtonian gravity is not really one force, but the summation of an attraction (gravity) and repulsion (mattermagnetic). At some point one becomes stronger than the other. Back to rotating bodies, they cause zeptons to move in the opposite direction. This then acts on an orbiting body. A CCW body has CW zeptons, with a Bm force out into the page. A body at 0 degrees and rotating CCW has a velocity pointing in the y direction. The cross-product Force would then be towards the rotating object, thus attracting it. What is not spelled out is why the attraction does not pull the body in, but that would I guess just be velocity based, classical mechanics. A few other topics discussed are synchronous orbits, precession of elliptical orbits (Mercury), and spiral arm galaxies. Instead of tidal forces, which the author calls nonsense, the moon is locked to Earth because of a braking effect. Again picture the orbiting object at 0 degrees. It is spinning and has its own zeptons. If it is rotating in the same direction, then the spin between these bodies is additive. However, the forward velocity has zeptons spinning in the opposite direction between the bodies, while in the same direction beyond the bodies. Since gravity is based on the distance, the force from the main object is stronger in between the bodies and thus slows down this spin. Or something like that. There should be more equations. I’ll skip over the ellipse part because its explanation is wanting. Essentially the mattermagnetic force, perpendicular to velocity, would push towards the center object in a circular orbit, but pushes in odd directions in an elliptical orbit. The spiral arm thing says that Newtoninan physics has no rotational force, so all galaxies should be disks. The magneticmatter force is proportional to velocity, and the stars on the far end of the galaxy have greater velocity than the inner stars. These fields are additive and attractive, like two parallel wires carrying current in the same direction. So the outside stars are brought in.
May 17th, 2024
The next three chapters take up 12 pages or so and are pretty much a waste of time. There’s a couple pages on magnetic fields from planets and stars. What makes the molten rock and plasma circulate? Mattermagnetic force, of course. Then there’s two chapters that repeat equations from before and “combine” them but nothing of significance is accomplished by this. It’s just Maxwell’s equations with little m subscripts and then he sums the two. Hopefully the author steps it up from here.
The next chapter is on mass and it doesn’t explain a whole lot. It’s safe to say that the author does not buy the current theory that protons are made of quarks. His theory says that protons are shells. Shells made of what? I find it easier to believe a particle is made of smaller particles than the shell theory. Any way, mass is energy. Where does the energy come from? The shell is of a certain diameter and certain thickness. Some quantum fluctuations have a wavelength that fits in the shell and some fit outside the shell. The shell itself excludes a certain number of wavelengths. These absent wavelengths somehow become the energy for the mass. It’s poorly explained. Maybe it’s like water. You put something in and all that water spills over the side. Somehow that’s mass.
May 20th, 2024
Yesterday we learned about gravity and today we learned about why gravity is distance limited. Gravity is essentially the Casimir Effect on a larger scale. Fatio in the 17th century suggested a push-theory of gravity, in which particles are pushing on objects on all sides. When two objects are near, they begin to shield each other from certain particles. That is when the push from outside particles is stronger and brings the two objects together. Bring that to a quantum point of view, the random jitter of quantum fluctuations is pushing on matter, instead of Fatio’s kinematic theory. Thus Casimir proved Fatio correct, in a way. The author calls this Fatio-Casimir gravity. Why does gravity fail at large distances, leading to the expansion of the universe? First, gravity is due to random fluctuations from induced dipoles, London-van der Waals forces. The repulsion of the mattermagnetic force is due to polarized matter fields and the matter version of Coulomb's Law. Random fluctuations should lose out to polarization over distance. The other big reason is that the further objects are from each other, the less “shielding” of each other there is. The blocked fluctuations in between are no longer blocked and can cancel out the pushing from the other side. Plus apparently gravity is inelastic, meaning it does not transmit the force through media. If rocks and dust and other things are between two objects, that blocks the zepton push.
May 21st, 2024
We got through two chapters: one on the speed of gravity and the other on the speed of light limit. Gravity is fast. It has to be much faster than the speed of light, or gravity would not be affected by the location of a body but by the PAST location of a body. Then orbiting planets would be pulled not to the sun but parallel and orbits would be done for. Fatio-Casimir gravity, the van der Waals force, is caused by rotating dipoles. A zepton rotates a distance d =lambda = c*nu and then I guess it annihilates. At the speed of light, a zepton rotates 180 degrees maximum. But there is so much energy in the zero-point field that only a small rotation produces huge EM fields. And that’s all it comes down to. Small rotations of zeptons propagate down the line, so the EM fields travel much faster than light, as much as 10^20 times faster. There was also something about double-slit experiments proving that EM fields and photons travel faster than light, but I’m not familiar with that.Then the author discusses how Dirac and Einstein were wrong in stating that the speed of light is fundamental. It is derived, the author claims, by how fast the zepton can rotate in a medium. Zepton rotation has to overcome the inertia of the zero-point field; there is a van der Waals torque working against the rotation. This is part of dipole interaction. The permittivity and permeability of free space are derived ability for the vacuum to be polarized, again dependent on the van der Waals torque. Speed of light is then derived from permittivity and permeability. The speed of light slows down in other media because matter interacts with the zepton and increases the amount of torque the rotation must overcome. It actually makes sense.
Now we talk about the aether. The author says the Michelson-Morley, which disproved the aether, was nonsense. I don’t know all this stuff so it didn’t really click with me. There was a lot of talk about aether streams and a photon in a stream would be impacted in its speed, but MM showed that c is constant. The author says that the aether is quantum fluctuations as described in the entire book, and thus are have no kinetic effect with matter. Things don’t slow don’t from friction with the aether. Stuff like that.
May 22nd, 2024
In this chapter the author is on a mission to tear apart special relativity. I think I barely touched on this in college, so I’m definitely out of my wheelhouse. But the author says it is illogical and just cannot be. Special relativity came out of an attempt to come up with a solution for a non-mechanical universe, but as the author has shown there is a medium (“aether”) for all things to propagate. Space dilation and time dilation do not exist because space (the aether, the zepton sea) does not contract. Time dilation as seen is not true either, clocks are not time and clocks are effected by travelling near the speed of light due to the van der Waal torques. The speed of light changes depending on the reference frame. Unlike special relativity where there is no absolute frame of reference, the zero-point field is the absolute frame of reference. If you are moving away from a photon, its speed is c+v, but on its return it is c-v, and thus the total average is c. Other stuff like that.
May 23rd, 2024
Another chapter to take on relativity. Why is there a redshift from gravity? Why does light slowdown when traveling near the sun? Why does it bend? All these have a simple answer, and it is now space-time contraction. As discussed in the previous chapter, the presence of matter increases the van der Waal torque, which was seen in slowing clocks. This same force causes the speed of light to change near matter. A photon emitted by the sun, or passing by, is slower near the sun and increases speed once it is distant in “free-space”. Matter changes the permittivity and permeability of space. As the speed changes, the wavelength increases. This is confusing when you think of the equation c = lambda * nu. For c to increase and lambda to increase frequency must be stay the same. Or they can both change in proportions that lead to the same change in c. The author needs to address this. The bending caused by permittivity change was also poorly explained. I guess it is supposed to bend, according to Newton, but the fact that it bends more is “relativity”. Why does it bend in the first place? Just gravitational orbit, like a comet? So the fact that it bends more is because it slows down and is in the orbit longer? Again, poorly explained. Some more equations would help, too. He kind of just talks in paragraph form about math which would be easier to understand if shown with equations.
May 24th, 2024
Read two chapters today. The first concludes the gravity section by discussing the established “tests”. First he comes up with his own tests which he passes and relativity fails. Then the established tests, which relativity passes, the zepton theory passes too. Congratulations. I really think the author needs to provide some proofs or an appendix. The other chapter was about strong theory. We know the author does not buy gluon theory and I don’t think he believes in quarks. I agree that some of the quark theory is hard to swallow. There was something about beta decay and protons become neutrons and vice versa. They exchange mesons and there’s some funny equations that some seem logical, assuming the author is giving them fair representation. The strong force brings protons together in close proximity and overcomes electric repulsion, but at very close distance they repel again. For the second part is unexplained, but the first part the author takes some equations from some papers about the Casimir force. It is about 3x stronger at the strong force distances than Coulomb repulsion. That’s good enough for the author, but he still talks about his proton “shells”, whatever they are.
May 25th, 2024
The book ends with a chapter on the weak force and a conclusion. Apparently the weak force has been downgraded to an “interaction”, and this chapter lists different interactions and how they can be explained. First, he dismisses the W and Z bosons because they should not be able to appear in the proton and live long enough to escape it without violating conservation of energy. Beta decay, neutron decay, and various other electron emissions are due to zeptons. He compares it to the theory of Hawking radiation, where a virtual particle appears at the event horizon. One of the pairs is pulled in, while the other escapes. The black hole then radiates some stuff to keep up the conservation of energy. Imagine a zepton appears in the neutrons “event horizon”. The positron-electron pair meet an electron, and the neutron decays with a proton appearing and an electron. The neutron’s electron annihilates the positron and the virtual electron survives. All the other weak interactions are explained this way. The conclusion wraps everything up, reminding us that everything is easily explained with mechanical interactions through the mattermagnetic force, which means the only force in existence is the electromagnetic. The zepton sea and the zero-point field provide the mechanism for all movements in the universe. Pretty interesting concept.